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User interfaces

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This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  "X Window System" – news  · newspapers  · books  · scholar  · JSTOR ( October 2020 ) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) X primarily defines protocol and graphics primitives – it deliberately contains no specification for application user-interface design, such as button, menu, or window title-bar styles. Instead, application software – such as window managers, GUI widget toolkits and desktop environments, or application-specific graphical user interfaces – define and provide such details. As a result, there is no typical X interface and several different desktop environments have become popular among users. A window manager controls the placement and appearance of application windows. This may result in desktop interfaces reminiscent of those of Microsoft Windows or of the ...
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History

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Predecessors edit Several bitmap display systems preceded X. From Xerox came the Alto (1973) and the Star (1981). From Apollo Computer came Display Manager (1981). From Apple came the Lisa (1983) and the Macintosh (1984). The Unix world had the Andrew Project (1982) and Rob Pike's Blit terminal (1982). Carnegie Mellon University produced a remote-access application called Alto Terminal, that displayed overlapping windows on the Xerox Alto, and made remote hosts (typically DEC VAX systems running Unix) responsible for handling window-exposure events and refreshing window contents as necessary. X derives its name as a successor to a pre-1983 window system called W (the letter preceding X in the English alphabet). W ran under the V operating system. W used a network protocol supporting terminal and graphics windows, the server maintaining display lists. Origin and early development edit The original idea of X emerged at MIT in 1984 as a collaboration between Jim Gettys (of Project Ath...
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Software architecture

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This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  "X Window System" – news  · newspapers  · books  · scholar  · JSTOR ( October 2020 ) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) X uses a client–server model: an X server communicates with various client programs. The server accepts requests for graphical output (windows) and sends back user input (from keyboard, mouse, or touchscreen). The server may function as: an application displaying to a window of another display system a system program controlling the video output of a PC a dedicated piece of hardware This client–server terminology – the user's terminal being the server and the applications being the clients – often confuses new X users, because the terms appear reversed. But X takes the perspective of the application, rather than that of the end-user: X provides displ...
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